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- $Unique_ID{BRK03885}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Jarcho-Levin Syndrome}
- $Subject{Jarcho-Levin Syndrome Spondylothoracic Dysplasia Spondylocostal
- Dysplasia - Type I Thanatophoric Dysplasia }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 704:
- Jarcho-Levin Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Jarcho-Levin Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Spondylothoracic Dysplasia
- Spondylocostal Dysplasia - Type I
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Thanatophoric Dysplasia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Jarcho-Levin Syndrome is a progressive genetic disorder characterized by
- deformities of the head, face, thorax, spine and hands.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Jarcho-Levin Syndrome is characterized by multiple deformities that may
- include a broad forehead, a wide nasal bridge, nostrils that are tipped
- forward (antiverted nares), upwardly slanted eyelids, and an enlarged
- posterior skull. There may also be a short neck, thorax (the area between
- the neck and the diaphragm) and trunk, respiratory difficulties, rib
- deformities, and spinal abnormalities such as neural defects and multiple
- missing vertebrae. The fingers are usually webbed (syndactyly), elongated
- and permanently bent (campodactyly). Occasionally distention of the stomach
- and pelvis may occur due to an obstruction of the bladder. Undescended
- testicles, absent external genitalia, a double uterus, closed or absent anal
- and bladder openings, a single umbilical artery, and defects of the brain may
- also be present.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Jarcho-Levin Syndrome is unknown. It is believed to be
- inherited through autosomal recessive genes. There is also a mild variant
- thought to be transmitted very rarely through an autosomal dominant gene.
-
- Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother.
-
- In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received from
- either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other normal
- gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting
- the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent for each
- pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If a
- person receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will
- be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Jarcho-Levin Syndrome is a very rare disorder that affects males and females
- in equal numbers. There seems to be a higher incidence of this disorder in
- people with Spanish heritage.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Some of the symptoms of the following disorder may be similar to those of
- Jarcho-Levin Syndrome:
-
- Thanatophoric Dysplasia is a progressive genetic disorder that is
- characterized by severe growth deficiencies, a large head (hydrocephalus), a
- low nasal bridge, and small face. There may also be a small thorax with
- short ribs, short flattened vertebrae, obstruction of the kidney
- (hydronephrosis), and a closed or absent anus (atresia).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Jarcho-Levin Syndrome is sympathetic and supportive. Genetic
- counseling may be of benefit for families of people with this disorder.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The Titanium Rib Project is underway to implant expandable ribs in patients
- with disorders involving missing, underdeveloped or otherwise malformed ribs
- cages, ribs or chest walls. Absent areas due to surgery or birth defects,
- fused ribs or hypoplastic chests may be improved using the titanium ribs
- which can be expanded as the child grows. Interested persons may contact:
-
- Dr. Robert Campbell
- Santa Rosa Children's Hospital
- 519 W. Hopuston St.
- San Antonio, TX 78207-3198
- (512) 567-5125
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Jarcho-Levin Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 1226, 179.
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed.: Kenneth L.
- Jones, M.D.; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 536.
-
- PRENATAL FINDINGS IN A CASE OF SPONDYLOCOSTAL DYSPLASIA I (JARCHO-LEVIN)
- SYNDROME). R. Romero et al.; OBSTET GYNECOL (June 1988; Issue 6 (2)).
- Pp. 988.
-
- NEURAL DEFECTS IN JARCHO-LEVIN SYNDROME. M.G. Reyes et al.; J CHILD
- NEUROL, (January 1989; Issue 4 (1)). Pp. 51.
-
-